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TABLE OF CONTENTS


Descriptive Summary

Biographical Note

Scope and Contents

Organization

Index Terms

Related Material

Administrative Information

Description of Series

I. Archives

II. Manuscripts

The Benson Latin American Collection

Agustín de Iturbide

An Inventory of His Collection at the Benson Latin American Collection



Descriptive Summary

CreatorIturbide, Agustín de, 1783-1824.
TitleAgustín de Iturbide Collection
Dates: 1813-1838
Dates: 1821-1824
AbstractCorrespondence, official and other documents pertaining to Agustín Iturbide, first emperor of Mexico (1822-1823) and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838.
ID31775745
Extent6 inches
LanguageSpanish or Castilian.
RepositoryBenson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin

Biographical Note

First emperor of Mexico. Born 1783 in Valladolid (Morelia); executed July 19, 1824, in Padilla, Tamaulipas. Iturbide joined the army in 1800, by 1810 was fighting with the royalists, and by 1820 held the rank of colonel.

In February 1821 he and Vicente Guerrero signed the Plan de Iguala and created the Ejército Trigarante. In August 1821 Iturbide and viceroy Juan O'Donoju signed the Tratado de Córdoba, ending the war and giving Mexico independence. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor in May 1822 but by October was forced to dissolve the national Congress because of resistance from the opposition. In March 1823 he reinstated Congress, then abdicated and fled to Italy.

In April 1824 the Congress, having already declared his administration void, revoked his pension and declared Iturbide a traitor. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824 he was apprehended on arrival in Tamaulipas and executed the next day. In 1838 Anastasio Bustamante declared Iturbide one of the “First Heroes of Mexican Independence.”

Chronology
1783born in Valladolid (Morelia) to José Joaquín de Iturbide (wealthy Spaniard) and Josefa de Arámburu (Michoacan)
1798became a field laborer
1800enlisted as second lieutenant in Valladolid provincial regiment
1805married Ana María de Huarte. Cantonment of Jalapa.
1809Iturbide had some connection with conspiracy in Michelena, Valladolid
1810offered rank of lieutenant general by Hidalgo, Iturbide refused. Participated in battle of Monte de las Cruces. Fought in battle of independence for royalist forces.
1816accused but absolved on count of illicit operations
1820Iturbide had become a colonel in the royalist army
1821 2/24signed Plan de Iguala with Vicente Guerrero, created Ejército Trigarante
8/24O'Donojú & Iturbide signed Tratado de Córdoba
9/27Iturbide led Ejército Trigarante to victory?
1822 5/18Iturbide proclaimed emporer
5/19Iturbide emperorship ratified by congress
5/21 or 5/23Iturbide crowned emperor
5/21 or 5/23Created Order of Guadalupe. Iturbide had much resistance from primarily republicans, some liberals.
10/31Iturbide dissolved congress
1823 1/24Santa Anna incited rebellion with Plan de Casa Mata
3/19Iturbide reinstated congress, abdicated
3/29Iturbide & family left residence in Tacubaya. Sailed to Europe from Veracruz.
1824 8Following arrival in Liorna, Italy, stayed at Villa Fournier.
1824 8Went to Florence and England.
1824 4/8-28Congress revoked pension, declared Iturbide a traitor
5/4Iturbide left London for Mexico
6/14arrived in Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. Apprehended by Congress of Tamaulipas and sentenced to death.
6/19Iturbide executed by firing squad in Padilla, Tamaulipas
1833 11/3Santa Anna had Iturbide's remains brought to Mexico City & displayed/interred with the First heroes of Independence
1838Anastasio Bustemante got Congress to decree, retrospectively, Iturbide as a First Hero of Independence

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Scope and Contents

Correspondence, printed material, official documents, and literary productions pertaining to Iturbide and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838. Included are items concerning Antonio López de Santa Anna, Anastasio Bustamante and José Manuel de Herrera.

The Archives subgroup includes correspondence (bulk 1821) relating mostly to Iturbide's activities as Generalísimo Almirante (correspondents include political leaders such as Vicente Guerrero and Antonio Medina) and printed material, mostly proclamations issued by Iturbide's government but including leaflets from the opposition as well as periodicals and broadsides from 1838 announcing Iturbide's status as a “First Hero of Mexican Independence.”

The Manuscripts subgroup comprises official documents including treaties and acts of Iturbide's government and of successor governments that relate to Iturbide (filed as G390); a photostat of a concordat between Iturbide and the Church (G406); a manuscript of Iturbide's memoir written in Italy, bound with leaflets and pamphlets relating to Iturbide (G414); and contemporary copies of letters from Juan Gómez Navarrete, Vicente Filisola, and José Dávila, among others (G388).

The materials are in Spanish.

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Organization

Organized into two subgroups: I. Archives. II. Manuscripts.

Arrangement

Archives arranged chronologically; manuscripts arranged numerically.

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Index Terms

Subjects (Persons)
Iturbide, Agustín de, 1783-1824--Archives.
Bustamante, Anastasio, 1780-1853
Davila, José.
Filisola, Vicente.
Gómez Navarrete, Juan Nepomuceno.
Guerrero, Vicente, 1782-1831
Herrera, José Manuel de, 1776?-1831.
Medina, Antonio de, 1771-1827
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 1794?-1876
Places
Mexico--History--19th century.
Mexico--Politics and government--19th century
Mexico--History, Military--19th century.

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Related Material

García, Genaro, 1867-1920.Genaro García Collection, 15-- - 1920?, Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin.

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Administrative Information

Preferred Citation

Agustín de Iturbide Collection, 1813-1838, Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin

Acquisitions Information

The Agustín de Iturbide Collection collection forms part of the Genaro García Collection, which was purchased by the University of Texas in 1921 from the heirs of Genaro García.

Processing Information

The collection was described by the Benson's Mexican Archives Project in December 1994.

Finding aid initially prepared by the Mexican Archives Project, January 6, 1995.

Alternate Form Available

The collection is also available on microfilm.

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Other Finding Aids

The following guide is available in the Benson Latin American Collection Rare Books Reference: Castañeda, Carlos Eduardo, 1896-1958.Guide to the Latin American Manuscripts in the University of Texas Library.
Cambridge, Mass. :
Harvard University Press,
1939.

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Detailed Description of the Collection

 

I. Archives

1. Correspondence, 1813-1823.
2. Printed Materials, 1821-1838.

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II. Manuscripts

1. G388: Documentos relativos al Imperio de Iturbide, (contemporary copies) 1821-1824,
2. G390: Documentos históricos, Don Agustín Iturbide, 1821-1827.
3. G406: Proposed concordat between the Empire of Iturbide and the Church, c. 1822.
4. G414: Memoria escrita en Liorna a (ms. copy of Iturbide's memoirs). Bound with various pamphlets and leaftlets relating to Iturbide. 27 de Sepbre. 1823,

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