urn:taro:utexas.blac.00028 Agustín de Iturbide An Inventory of His Collection at the Benson Latin American Collection University of Texas at Austin 1/6/1995 Text converted and initial EAD tagging provided by Apex Data Services, July 2001. Finding aid written in English. September 10, 2002 Edited with XMetaL3 by Bob Stewart according to instructions inEditing TARO EAD XML Finding Aids with XMetaL. Tue Jul 22 14:57:57 CDT 2003 urn:taro:utexas.blac.00028 converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (20030505). Descriptive Summary Iturbide, Agustín de, 1783-1824. Agustín de Iturbide Collection 1813-1838 1821-1824 6 inches 31775745 Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin Correspondence, official and other documents pertaining to Agustín Iturbide, first emperor of Mexico (1822-1823) and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838. Spanish or Castilian. Biographical Note

First emperor of Mexico. Born 1783 in Valladolid (Morelia); executed July 19, 1824, in Padilla, Tamaulipas. Iturbide joined the army in 1800, by 1810 was fighting with the royalists, and by 1820 held the rank of colonel.

In February 1821 he and Vicente Guerrero signed the Plan de Iguala and created the Ejército Trigarante. In August 1821 Iturbide and viceroy Juan O'Donoju signed the Tratado de Córdoba, ending the war and giving Mexico independence. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor in May 1822 but by October was forced to dissolve the national Congress because of resistance from the opposition. In March 1823 he reinstated Congress, then abdicated and fled to Italy.

In April 1824 the Congress, having already declared his administration void, revoked his pension and declared Iturbide a traitor. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824 he was apprehended on arrival in Tamaulipas and executed the next day. In 1838 Anastasio Bustamante declared Iturbide one of the “First Heroes of Mexican Independence.”

Chronology 1783 born in Valladolid (Morelia) to José Joaquín de Iturbide (wealthy Spaniard) and Josefa de Arámburu (Michoacan) 1798 became a field laborer 1800 enlisted as second lieutenant in Valladolid provincial regiment 1805 married Ana María de Huarte. Cantonment of Jalapa. 1809 Iturbide had some connection with conspiracy in Michelena, Valladolid 1810 offered rank of lieutenant general by Hidalgo, Iturbide refused. Participated in battle of Monte de las Cruces. Fought in battle of independence for royalist forces. 1816 accused but absolved on count of illicit operations 1820 Iturbide had become a colonel in the royalist army 1821 2/24 signed Plan de Iguala with Vicente Guerrero, created Ejército Trigarante 8/24 O'Donojú & Iturbide signed Tratado de Córdoba 9/27 Iturbide led Ejército Trigarante to victory? 1822 5/18 Iturbide proclaimed emporer 5/19 Iturbide emperorship ratified by congress 5/21 or 5/23 Iturbide crowned emperor 5/21 or 5/23 Created Order of Guadalupe. Iturbide had much resistance from primarily republicans, some liberals. 10/31 Iturbide dissolved congress 1823 1/24 Santa Anna incited rebellion with Plan de Casa Mata 3/19 Iturbide reinstated congress, abdicated 3/29 Iturbide & family left residence in Tacubaya. Sailed to Europe from Veracruz. 1824 8 Following arrival in Liorna, Italy, stayed at Villa Fournier. 1824 8 Went to Florence and England. 1824 4/8-28 Congress revoked pension, declared Iturbide a traitor 5/4 Iturbide left London for Mexico 6/14 arrived in Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. Apprehended by Congress of Tamaulipas and sentenced to death. 6/19 Iturbide executed by firing squad in Padilla, Tamaulipas 1833 11/3 Santa Anna had Iturbide's remains brought to Mexico City & displayed/interred with the First heroes of Independence 1838 Anastasio Bustemante got Congress to decree, retrospectively, Iturbide as a First Hero of Independence Scope and Contents

Correspondence, printed material, official documents, and literary productions pertaining to Iturbide and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838. Included are items concerning Antonio López de Santa Anna, Anastasio Bustamante and José Manuel de Herrera.

The Archives subgroup includes correspondence (bulk 1821) relating mostly to Iturbide's activities as Generalísimo Almirante (correspondents include political leaders such as Vicente Guerrero and Antonio Medina) and printed material, mostly proclamations issued by Iturbide's government but including leaflets from the opposition as well as periodicals and broadsides from 1838 announcing Iturbide's status as a “First Hero of Mexican Independence.”

The Manuscripts subgroup comprises official documents including treaties and acts of Iturbide's government and of successor governments that relate to Iturbide (filed as G390); a photostat of a concordat between Iturbide and the Church (G406); a manuscript of Iturbide's memoir written in Italy, bound with leaflets and pamphlets relating to Iturbide (G414); and contemporary copies of letters from Juan Gómez Navarrete, Vicente Filisola, and José Dávila, among others (G388).

The materials are in Spanish.

 Organization

Organized into two subgroups: I. Archives. II. Manuscripts.

 Arrangement

Archives arranged chronologically; manuscripts arranged numerically.

Acquisitions Information

The Agustín de Iturbide Collection collection forms part of the Genaro García Collection, which was purchased by the University of Texas in 1921 from the heirs of Genaro García.

 Processing Information

The collection was described by the Benson's Mexican Archives Project in December 1994.

Finding aid initially prepared by the Mexican Archives Project, January 6, 1995.

Alternate Form Available

The collection is also available on microfilm.

 Preferred Citation

Agustín de Iturbide Collection, 1813-1838, Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin

 Index Terms Subjects (Persons) Iturbide, Agustín de, 1783-1824--Archives. Bustamante, Anastasio, 1780-1853 Davila, José. Filisola, Vicente. Gómez Navarrete, Juan Nepomuceno. Guerrero, Vicente, 1782-1831 Herrera, José Manuel de, 1776?-1831. Medina, Antonio de, 1771-1827 Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 1794?-1876 Places Mexico--History--19th century. Mexico--Politics and government--19th century Mexico--History, Military--19th century. Other Finding Aids

The following guide is available in the Benson Latin American Collection Rare Books Reference: Castañeda, Carlos Eduardo, 1896-1958. Guide to the Latin American Manuscripts in the University of Texas Library. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1939.

Related Material

García, Genaro, 1867-1920. Genaro García Collection, 15-- - 1920?, Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin.

I. Archives 1. Correspondence, 1813-1823. 2. Printed Materials, 1821-1838. II. Manuscripts 1. G388: Documentos relativos al Imperio de Iturbide, 1821-1824, (contemporary copies) 2. G390: Documentos históricos, Don Agustín Iturbide, 1821-1827. 3. G406: Proposed concordat between the Empire of Iturbide and the Church, c. 1822. 4. G414: Memoria escrita en Liorna a 27 de Sepbre. 1823, (ms. copy of Iturbide's memoirs). Bound with various pamphlets and leaftlets relating to Iturbide.