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   <eadheader langencoding="iso639-2b" audience="internal" id="a0">
      <eadid countrycode="us" mainagencycode="Txu-Hu" encodinganalog="852$a">urn:taro:utexas.hrc.00001</eadid>
      <filedesc>
         <titlestmt>
            <titleproper>Bront&#x00EB; Family: </titleproper>
            <subtitle>An Inventory of Their Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities
		  Research Center</subtitle>
            <author>Chelsea Dinsmore</author>
         </titlestmt>
         <publicationstmt>
            <publisher>University of Texas at Austin</publisher>
            <date>1999</date>
         </publicationstmt>
      </filedesc>
      <profiledesc>
         <creation>Text converted and initial EAD tagging provided by Apex Data
		Services, 
		<date>April 2000.</date>
         </creation>
         <langusage>Finding aid written in <language>English</language>
         </langusage>
      </profiledesc>
      <revisiondesc>
         <change>
            <date>Thu Jul 24 11:17:04 CDT 2003</date>
            <item>urn:taro:utexas.hrc.00001 converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (20030505).</item>
         </change>
      </revisiondesc>
   </eadheader>
   <archdesc level="collection">
      <did id="a1">
         <head>Descriptive Summary</head>
         <origination label="Creator">
            <famname>Bront&#x00EB; Family</famname>
         </origination>
         <unittitle label="Title" encodinganalog="245">Bront&#x00EB; Family Collection 
		<unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245$f">1833-1858</unitdate>
         </unittitle>
         <unitid countrycode="us" repositorycode="TxU-HU" encodinganalog="099" label="RLIN Record #">TXRC99-A20</unitid>
         <physdesc label="Extent" encodinganalog="300$a">2 boxes (.83 linear
		feet)</physdesc>
         <repository label="Repository" encodinganalog="852$a">
            <corpname>
               <subarea>Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, </subarea>
		  University of Texas at Austin </corpname>
         </repository>
         <abstract label="Abstract" encodinganalog="520$a">The Bront&#x00EB; sisters:
		Charlotte, 1816-1855; Emily, 1818-1848; and Anne, 1820-1849; and their brother
		Patrick Branwell, 1817-1848, did not publish extensively, but most of what they
		did write has entered the canon of classic western literature. The small
		Bront&#x00EB; Family collection is largely composed of holographic works by the
		siblings, and a few of their letters. A musical score written by Ernest Powell
		for one of Emily's poems is also included, as are a few letters by
		acquaintances.</abstract>
         <langmaterial label="Language">
            <language langcode="eng">English.</language>
         </langmaterial>
      </did>
      <bioghist id="a2" encodinganalog="545">
         <head>Biographical Sketches</head>
         <p>Patrick Bront&#x00EB; (1777-1861) was the eldest of ten children born to a
		poor Irish family in County Down, Ireland. He attended Cambridge University
		with the sponsorship of a local clergyman. In 1806 he was ordained in the
		Church of England and took his first position in Essex. He advanced through a
		series of curacies to a position in Bradford where he met his future wife,
		Maria Branwell. They married, with the grudging permission of her comfortably
		middle-class parents, in 1812.</p>
         <p>Settling first in Hartshead and then Clough House, the couple had their
		first two daughters, Maria and Elizabeth in 1814 and 1815. A promising position
		brought them to Thornton where their remaining children, Charlotte (1816),
		Patrick Branwell (1817), Emily (1818), and Anne (1820) were born. In 1820, the
		whole family moved to Haworth in Yorkshire where Patrick received a lifetime
		appointment as curate. Sadly, Mrs. Bront&#x00EB; did not live to enjoy the comfort of
		the secure position, dying in 1821, possibly of cancer. The two eldest
		daughters fell ill at boarding school and died within months of each other in
		1825.</p>
         <bioghist>
            <head>Charlotte Bront&#x00EB;, 1816-1855</head>
            <p>Charlotte attended the Clergy Daughter's School along with her older
		  sisters but returned home upon their deaths in 1825. The next 20 years were
		  devoted to studying, educating her siblings, and a few short terms as a
		  governess. Meanwhile, when she was at home she enjoyed an active creative life
		  with her sisters and brother in which they invented an imaginary world and
		  wrote stories and poems about the people who lived there. Financial support
		  from relatives allowed Charlotte to study for almost two years in Brussels,
		  with the thought of opening her own school with her sisters. When the school
		  failed to work out, she began to cast about for other ways for the family to
		  earn a living.</p>
            <p>In 1845 she discovered some poems written by Emily and conceived the
		  idea of the sisters publishing some of their writing. Assuming the names of
		  Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, their 
		<title render="italic">Poems </title>were published in 1846. Undeterred
		by the lack of response, or revenue, engendered by this first attempt,
		Charlotte went on to write and publish 
		<title render="italic">Jane Eyre </title>in 1847. Buoyed by the critical
		acclaim achieved by 
		<title render="italic">Jane Eyre, </title>Charlotte wrote 
		<title render="italic">Shirley </title> (1849) and 
		<title render="italic">Villette </title>(1853). In 1854 she married her
		father's curate Arthur Bell Nicholas. After a brief but happy marriage,
		Charlotte died in 1855.</p>
         </bioghist>
         <bioghist>
            <head>Patrick Branwell Bront&#x00EB;, 1817-1848</head>
            <p>As the only Bront&#x00EB; son, Branwell was slated to be successful and
		  provide support for his sisters. Besides tutoring in the classics from his
		  father, Branwell also received painting lessons and in 1838 he set out to be a
		  portrait painter in Bradford. This venture failed and, like Charlotte, Branwell
		  tried tutoring to pay his way. After a five month post in 1840, he took a job
		  as a railway clerk. After a promotion in 1842, his career was cut short when he
		  was let go for discrepancies in his accounts.</p>
            <p>1843 found Branwell returned to tutoring, but he was dismissed in
		  1845, possibly for an inappropriate relationship with his employer's wife. This
		  event seemed to send Branwell into a decline. He made an attempt to support
		  himself by writing, but despite publishing several items, was not able to earn
		  enough. He began drinking and taking opium and ran up debts. Instead of
		  supporting his sisters, he became a burden to them. His emotional distress was
		  aggravated by an undiagnosed case of tuberculosis and by early 1848 his health
		  had deteriorated to the point where he could not longer care for himself. He
		  died at home at the age of thirty-one.</p>
         </bioghist>
         <bioghist>
            <head>Emily Bront&#x00EB;, 1818-1848</head>
            <p>Educated mostly at home, Emily Bront&#x00EB; had only a little formal
		  education, attending Roe Head School in 1835 while Charlotte was a teacher
		  there. She left after only a few months, too home-sick to stay. Despite her
		  minimal formal education, Emily gained a teaching post in Halifax in 1838, but
		  left after six months, again due to debilitating home-sickness. After Halifax,
		  Emily generally stayed at home, managing the household for her father until
		  1842 when she joined Charlotte to study in Brussels. When the sisters returned
		  home for their Aunt Branwell's funeral, Emily stayed with their father when
		  Charlotte returned to Brussels.</p>
            <p>When she wasn't working, Emily, like her sisters, wrote. She
		  participated in the imaginative stories and wrote the poetry which inspired
		  Charlotte to publish 
		<title render="italic">Poems </title>(1846). Once the sisters decided to
		attempt writing for publication, Emily wrote 
		<title render="italic">Wuthering Heights </title>(1847) which received
		almost as much attention as 
		<title render="italic">Jane Eyre. </title>Emily's writing career came to
		an abrupt end when she contracted tuberculosis from her brother. Refusing
		medical attention until it was too late, she died in 1848, three months after
		Branwell, at the age of thirty.</p>
         </bioghist>
         <bioghist>
            <head>Anne Bront&#x00EB;, 1820-1849</head>
            <p>The youngest of the Bront&#x00EB; children, Anne was also educated largely
		  at home, though she attended Roe Head School, after Emily left, for three
		  years. Though the youngest, Anne spent the most time actually employed, taking
		  one governess post in Yorkshire for the year of 1839 and then moving to a post
		  near York where she stayed for five years. She was joined in York by Branwell
		  in 1843 when the family took him on as a tutor. Anne left this post in 1845,
		  shortly before Branwell was dismissed.</p>
            <p>Returning home, Anne joined in Charlotte's efforts to publish their
		  work and began working on a novel. 
		<title render="italic">Agnes Gray </title>(1847), published in a single
		volume with 
		<title render="italic">Wuthering Heights,</title> was largely overlooked
		by critics. Undiscouraged, Anne wrote a second novel, 
		<title render="italic">The Tenant of Wildfell Hall </title>(1848) which
		received a great deal of critical attention, primarily negative reactions to
		the brutality described within. Like her sister and brother, Anne's writing
		career was cut short by illness. Having contracted tuberculosis, probably from
		her brother or sister, Anne died in 1849.</p>
         </bioghist>
      </bioghist>
      <scopecontent id="a3" encodinganalog="520">
         <head>Scope and Contents</head>
         <p>The holograph works of Charlotte and Emily Bront&#x00EB; make up the bulk of
		the small Bront&#x00EB; Family Collection, 1833-1858, along with works by Anne and
		Patrick Branwell Bront&#x00EB;. The collection is organized into two series: Series
		I. Bront&#x00EB; Family Works and Letters, 1833-1858 (1.5 boxes) and Series II. Works
		and Letters by Others, 1850 (.5 box). This collection was previously accessible
		through a card catalog, but has been re-cataloged as part of a retrospective
		conversion project.</p>
         <p>The Bront&#x00EB; Family Works and Letters Series is divided into five
		subseries, arranged alphabetically by family member name: Subseries A. Bront&#x00EB;,
		Anne, 1836-1838; Subseries B. Bront&#x00EB;, Charlotte, 1833-1853; Subseries C.
		Bront&#x00EB;, Emily, 1837-1842; Subseries D. Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick, 1850; and Subseries
		E. Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick Branwell, 1834-1836.</p>
         <p>Anne Bront&#x00EB;'s writings are represented by typescripts of three poems
		and a list of characters she used in her stories and poems of the fictitious
		land of Gondal. The Charlotte Bront&#x00EB; subseries is more robust with holograph
		versions of 
	 <title render="doublequote">The Green Dwarf,</title>
            <title render="doublequote">Julia,</title> and 
	 <title render="doublequote">Something About Arthur.</title> Also present is a
	 letter to William Smith Williams, her publisher. Contained in the Emily Bront&#x00EB;
	 subseries are two holograph poems and an essay in French.</p>
         <p>The men of the Bront&#x00EB; family are represented in the final two
		subseries. Patrick Bront&#x00EB;'s subseries contains a letter to an unknown
		recipient, while the Patrick Branwell subseries holds a holograph poem, a short
		story titled 
	 <title render="doublequote">A Narrative of the First War by Harry
		Hastings,</title> and a commonplace book in which Patrick Branwell contributed
	 four pages of poetry and sketches.</p>
         <p>The Works and Letters by Others Series contains a musical score written
		by Ernest Powell for a poem by Emily Bront&#x00EB; and a biographical essay on
		Charlotte Bront&#x00EB; by Harriet Spofford. Also present are two letters, including
		one from Mary Taylor, one of Charlotte's life-long friends. </p>
      </scopecontent>
      <relatedmaterial>
         <p>Other materials associated with the Bront&#x00EB;s may be found in the
		  following collections at the Ransom Center:
         <list type="simple">
            <item> Coleridge, Hartley </item>
            <item> Morley, Christopher Darlington </item>
            <item> Nussey, Ellen </item>
            <item> Ratchford, Fannie Elizabeth </item>
         </list></p>
      </relatedmaterial>
      <acqinfo id="a19" encodinganalog="541">
         <head>Acquisition:</head>
         <p>Acquired as part of the Hanley, Stark, and Wrenn Collections. One item
		  from Maggs Bros. Ltd. purchase, 1965.</p>
      </acqinfo>
      <accessrestrict id="a14" encodinganalog="506">
         <head>Access:</head>
         <p>Open for research</p>
      </accessrestrict>
      <processinfo id="a20" encodinganalog="583">
         <head>Processed by:</head>
         <p>Chelsea S. Jones, 1999</p>
      </processinfo>
      <controlaccess>
         <head>Index Terms</head>
         <controlaccess>
            <head>Correspondents</head>
            <persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Spofford,
		  Harriet</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Taylor, Mary</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Williams, William
		  Smith</persname>
         </controlaccess>
         <controlaccess>
            <head>Subjects</head>
            <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Authors, English--19th
		  century</subject>
            <persname encodinganalog="600" source="lcnaf">Bront&#x00EB;, Anne,
		  1820-1849</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="600" source="lcnaf">Bront&#x00EB;, Charlotte,
		  1816-1855</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="600" source="lcnaf">Bront&#x00EB;, Emily,
		  1818-1848</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="600" source="lcnaf">Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick,
		  1777-1861</persname>
            <persname encodinganalog="600" source="lcnaf">Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick Branwell,
		  1817-1848</persname>
            <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">England--Social life and
		  customs--19th century</subject>
            <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">English literature--19th
		  century</subject>
            <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Love stories</subject>
         </controlaccess>
         <controlaccess>
            <head>Document Types</head>
            <genreform source="aat" encodinganalog="655">Commonplace
		  books</genreform>
         </controlaccess>
      </controlaccess>
      <bibliography id="a10">
         <head>Sources</head>
         <bibref>
            <title render="italic">Dictionary of Literary Biography -- Volume 21:
			 Victorian Novelists Before 1885. </title>Ira B. Nadel and William E. Fredeman,
		  Eds. (Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1983).</bibref>
         <bibref>White, Katheryn. 
		  <title render="italic">The Bront&#x00EB;s. </title>(Sutton Publishing:
		  England, 1998).</bibref>
      </bibliography>
      <dsc type="in-depth" id="a23">
         <head>Bront&#x00EB; Family Collection--Folder List</head>
         <c01 level="series" id="ser1">
            <did>
               <unittitle>Series I. Bront&#x00EB; Family Works and Letters, 
			 <unitdate>1833-1858</unitdate>
               </unittitle>
            </did>
            <c02 level="subseries">
               <did>
                  <unittitle>Subseries A. Bront&#x00EB;, Anne, 
				<unitdate>1836-1838</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">1</container>
                     <container type="folder">1</container>
                     <unittitle>Three poems, bound typescript copies,</unittitle>
                     <physdesc>13pp</physdesc>
                  </did>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <unittitle>Verses by Lady Geralda 
					 <unitdate>(1836)</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <unittitle>Alexander and Zenobia 
					 <unitdate>(1837)</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <unittitle>A Voice from the Dungeon 
					 <unitdate>(1838)</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">1</container>
                     <container type="folder">2</container>
                     <unittitle>Untitled list of characters appearing in her stories and
				  poems of Gondal, holograph, 
				  <unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
            </c02>
            <c02 level="subseries">
               <did>
                  <unittitle>Subseries B. Bront&#x00EB;, Charlotte, 
				<unitdate>1833-1853</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <unittitle>Works</unittitle>
                  </did>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">3</container>
                        <unittitle>Exercices sur les participes, holograph, 
					 <unitdate>1840,</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                        <physdesc>22pp</physdesc>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">4</container>
                        <unittitle>
                           <title render="doublequote">The Green Dwarf, </title>holograph, 
					 <unitdate>1833,</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                        <physdesc>26pp</physdesc>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">5</container>
                        <unittitle>
                           <title render="doublequote">Julia,</title> holograph with author
					 emendations, 
					 <unitdate>1837,</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                        <physdesc>33pp</physdesc>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">6</container>
                        <unittitle>
                           <title render="doublequote">Something about Arthur,</title>
					 holograph, 
					 <unitdate>1833,</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                        <physdesc>25pp</physdesc>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <unittitle>Letters</unittitle>
                  </did>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">7</container>
                        <unittitle>Taylor, James, 10 holograph letters, 
					 <unitdate>1849-1851</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
                  <c04>
                     <did>
                        <container type="box">1</container>
                        <container type="folder">8</container>
                        <unittitle>Williams, William Smith, holograph letter, 
					 <unitdate>1853</unitdate>
                        </unittitle>
                     </did>
                  </c04>
               </c03>
            </c02>
            <c02 level="subseries">
               <did>
                  <unittitle>Subseries C. Bront&#x00EB;, Emily, 
				<unitdate>1837-1842</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">1</container>
                     <container type="folder">9</container>
                     <unittitle>
                        <title render="doublequote">But the hearts that once adored
					 me...,</title> holograph poem, 
				  <unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">1</container>
                     <container type="folder">10</container>
                     <unittitle>Lettre d'un fr&#x00E8;re à un fr&#x00E8;re, holograph, 
				  <unitdate>1842,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">1</container>
                     <container type="folder">11</container>
                     <unittitle>
                        <title render="doublequote">The organ swells, the trumpets
					 sound...,</title> holograph poem, 
				  <unitdate>1837,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
            </c02>
            <c02 level="subseries">
               <did>
                  <unittitle>Subseries D. Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick, 
				<unitdate>1858</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">2</container>
                     <container type="folder">1</container>
                     <unittitle>Letter to an unknown recipient, 
				  <unitdate>1858</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                  </did>
               </c03>
            </c02>
            <c02 level="subseries">
               <did>
                  <unittitle>Subseries E. Bront&#x00EB;, Patrick Branwell, 
				<unitdate>1834-1846</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">2</container>
                     <container type="folder">2</container>
                     <unittitle>
                        <title render="doublequote">...As lifeless as before. She thought that
					 confusion crossed her dying mind,</title> holograph poem, 
				  <unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">2</container>
                     <container type="folder">3</container>
                     <unittitle>Commonplace book of Mary Pearson with four holograph
				  pages by Bront&#x00EB;, includes three sketches, 
				  <unitdate>1846,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>4pp</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
               <c03>
                  <did>
                     <container type="box">2</container>
                     <container type="folder">4</container>
                     <unittitle>A Narrative of the First War, holograph signed Henry
				  Hastings, 
				  <unitdate>1834-1836,</unitdate>
                     </unittitle>
                     <physdesc>20pp</physdesc>
                  </did>
               </c03>
            </c02>
         </c01>
         <c01 level="series" id="ser2">
            <did>
               <unittitle>Series II. Works and Letters by Others, 
			 <unitdate>1850</unitdate>
               </unittitle>
            </did>
            <c02>
               <did>
                  <container type="box">2</container>
                  <container type="folder">5</container>
                  <unittitle>Powell, Ernest, musical score for 
				<title render="doublequote">Lullaby to A.A.</title> by Emily Bront&#x00EB;, 
				<unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
                  <physdesc>1p</physdesc>
               </did>
            </c02>
            <c02>
               <did>
                  <container type="box">2</container>
                  <container type="folder">6</container>
                  <unittitle>Spofford, Harriet, 
				<title render="doublequote">Charlotte Bront&#x00EB;,</title> holograph essay
				in bound notebook, 
				<unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
                  <physdesc>80pp</physdesc>
               </did>
            </c02>
            <c02>
               <did>
                  <container type="box">2</container>
                  <container type="folder">7</container>
                  <unittitle>Stanford, Derek, typescript letter to 
				<title render="italic">The Methodist Recorder,</title>
                     <unitdate>nd,</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
                  <physdesc>2pp</physdesc>
               </did>
            </c02>
            <c02>
               <did>
                  <container type="box">2</container>
                  <container type="folder">8</container>
                  <unittitle>Taylor, Mary, holograph letter to Charlotte Bront&#x00EB;,
				includes a typed transcript, 
				<unitdate>1850</unitdate>
                  </unittitle>
               </did>
            </c02>
         </c01>
      </dsc>
   </archdesc>
</ead>
