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		<!--Change the last five numbers to the five number collection number from TARO log and name and save file as that five digit number.-->
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			>urn:taro:utexas.cah.01356</eadid>
		<filedesc>
			<titlestmt>
				<!--Type the title just as you would say it and use type (e.g. Papers, Collection, Archive) as appropriate. Follow with dates. Example: John Doe Papers, 1910-1920-->
				<titleproper>A Guide to the Texas Speakers Oral History Collection, 1992,
					2004-2006</titleproper>
			</titlestmt>
		</filedesc>
		<profiledesc>
			<!--Add your name and the date (format: January 2008) of encoding below.-->
			<creation>Original EAD encoding by Megan Mummey according to TARO 2 EAD 2002 Editing
				Instructions. <date>November 2009</date></creation>
			<langusage>Finding aid written in <language>English.</language></langusage>
		</profiledesc>
		<revisiondesc>
			<change>
				<date>March 2010</date>
				<item>Revised by Megan Mummey</item>
			</change>
			<change>
				<date>April 2010</date>
				<item>Revised by Megan Mummey</item>
			</change>
			<change>
				<date>July 2010</date>
				<item>Transcript added by Megan Mummey</item>
			</change>
			<change>
				<date>Septemeber 2010</date>
				<item>Transcript for Virginia Carr Carter added by Laurel Rozema.</item>
			</change>
			<change>
				<date>November 2012</date>
				<item>Correction by Laurel Rozema.</item>
			</change>
		</revisiondesc>
	</eadheader>
	<archdesc type="inventory" level="collection">
		<did>
			<head>Descriptive Summary</head>
			<origination label="Creator:"><!--Select the appropriate tag depending on if the creator is an individual (name: LAST, FIRST, YEAR OF BIRTH-YEAR OF DEATH), 
family (name: LAST Family, add individual name and dates in parentheses if desired), or entity. Delete the other tags you don't use.-->
				<persname>Texas Speakers Oral History Project</persname>
			</origination>


			<!--Type the unittitle just as you would say it and use type (e.g. Papers, Collection, Archive) as appropriate. Example: John Doe Papers-->
			<unittitle encodinganalog="245" label="Title:">Texas Speakers Oral History
				Collection</unittitle>
			<unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245" label="Dates:">1992,
				2004-2006</unitdate>
			<!--Modify the language of material if appropriate and update 3 letter langcode in the upper-right table.-->
			<langmaterial label="Language:">Materials are written in <language langcode="eng"
					>English.</language></langmaterial>
			<!--This is the accession number(s) or other applicable indentifier.-->
			<unitid label="Accession No.:">2004-131; 2004-163; 2004-176; 2004-177; 2004-188;
				2004-204; 2004-213; 2006-096; 2006-132: 2010-081; 2010-094</unitid>
			<!--This is the OCLC  record number(s) or other applicable indentifier.-->
			<!--This is the extent. For example: 4 ft., 10 in.-->
			<physdesc label="Extent:" encodinganalog="300$a">1 ft.</physdesc>
			<repository label="Repository:" encodinganalog="852$a">
				<extref href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu" show="new" actuate="onrequest">
					<corpname><subarea> Dolph Briscoe Center for American History,</subarea> The
						University of Texas at Austin</corpname></extref></repository>
			<!--This is typically the first sentences from scope and content note, as appropriate.-->
			<abstract label="Abstract:" encodinganalog="520$a">In November 2003, in cooperation with
				Speaker Tom Craddick and his wife Mrs. Nadine Craddick, the Dolph Briscoe Center for
				American History at the University of Texas at Austin launched &quot;A Speaker from
				Its Own Members: A Project Documenting the History of the Speakers of the Texas
				House of Representatives.&quot; From its inception to April 2005, Dolph Briscoe
				Center for American History historians Dr. Patrick Cox and Dr. Michael Phillips have
				interviewed Speaker Craddick and nine former Texas House speakers. </abstract>
		</did>
		<bioghist encodinganalog="545">
			<!--If an individual, heading should read Biographical Note; for an organization or subject, it should read Historical Note.-->
			<head>Historical Note</head>
			<p>In November 2003, in cooperation with Speaker Tom Craddick and his wife Mrs. Nadine
				Craddick, the Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin
				launched &quot;A Speaker from Its Own Members: A Project Documenting the History of
				the Speakers of the Texas House of Representatives.&quot; From its inception to
				April 2005, Center for American History historians Dr. Patrick Cox and Dr. Michael
				Phillips have interviewed Speaker Craddick and nine former Texas House speakers. </p>
			<p>The speaker of the Texas House, along with the governor and the lieutenant governor,
				ranks among the three most powerful officeholders in Texas politics, yet speakers
				have enjoyed relatively limited visibility. Few Texans are fully aware of the
				office's significance. As documented in these interviews, the powers of Texas House
				speakers expanded greatly following the expansion of the Texas economy in the
				aftermath of World War II. In this time, speakers began to shape the state’s budget,
				its tax policies and the quality of Texas public schools and universities. </p>
			<p>The era covered by the project, beginning in 1951, marks a particularly dramatic time
				in Texas history. In this period, speakers reacted to the Brown v. Board of
				Education decision and the subsequent desegregation of Texas public schools.
				Speakers responded to the rise of the space industry and other modern technologies
				that transformed the economy of Texas. Speakers dealt with the state's explosive
				population growth following World War II even as they coped with a more complex
				economy and a rising demand for government services in education, transportation and
				health care. </p>
			<p>Speakers rose and fell with the rising fortunes of conservative and liberal factions
				within the Texas Democratic Party and with the ascendancy of the state Republican
				Party, culminating in the GOP's eventual capture of the state government in the 2000
				elections. They also struggled with the Sharpstown political scandal, subsequent
				attempts to limit the power of the speaker's office, the failed effort to rewrite
				the state Constitution in the 1970s, and the dramatic growth in the power and
				influence of the Speaker in the modern era. Readers and researchers will learn not
				only how modern Texas was created in the mid-twentieth century, but also the
				motives, reactions, celebrations, regrets and fears of those most involved in the
				state’s tumultuous political upheavals in the last half century. </p>
		</bioghist>
		<scopecontent encodinganalog="520">
			<head>Scope and Contents</head>
			<p>The collection contains interviews, cassette tapes and transcripts, with Reuben
				Senterfitt, Jim T. Lindsey, James &quot;Jimmy&quot; Turman, Ben Barnes, Gus
				Mutscher, Rayford Price, Bill Clayton, Gibson D. &quot;Gib&quot; Lewis, and Pete
				Laney. In addition, Nadine Craddick, wife of Tom Craddick, as well as Pat
				Senterfitt, Joanie Turman and Nelda Laney were interviewed for this series.
				Additional interviews include Jan Tunnell, wife of the late former House Speaker
				Byron Tunnell, and Dr. David Carr, son of the later former House Speaker and state
				Attorney General Waggoner Carr, as part of this series. Further interviews were
				conducted with Bo Byers, Sam Kinch, Jr., Dave McNeely, and John Moritz, veterans of
				the Capitol press corps. Alice Turley and Doug Young of the State Preservation Board
				were interviewed regarding the history of the speaker's official residence in the
				Capitol and preservation efforts at the Capitol since a devastating fire there in
				1983. Furthermore, the collection contains additional material, such as news
				clippings and printed materials. Interview transcripts not yet available are marked
				on the inventory.</p>

			<!--If applicable include statement in p tag: Forms part of the NAME (Institute for Studies in American Military History, Archives of American Mathematics, 
Professional Touring Entertainment Archives, etc.).-->
		</scopecontent>
		<accessrestrict encodinganalog="506">
			<!--Select appropriate statement(s) and delete those tags that are not applicable.-->
			<head>Access Restrictions</head>
			<p>This collection is open for research use.</p>
		</accessrestrict>
		<controlaccess>
			<!--Delete this section(s) as appropriate depending on the presence of  index terms.-->
			<head>Index Terms</head>
			<controlaccess>
				<head>Subjects (Persons)</head>
				<persname encodinganalog="600">Barnes, Ben.</persname>
				<persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Carr, Waggoner.</persname>
				<persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Craddick, Tom.</persname>

				<persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Mutscher, Gus.</persname>

				<persname encodinganalog="700" source="lcnaf">Tunnell, Byron.</persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				<head>Subjects</head>
				<subject encodinganalog="650">Oral History.</subject>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				<head>Places</head>
				<geogname encodinganalog="651" source="lcnaf">Texas. Legislature. House of
					Representatives--Speakers--History.</geogname>
				<geogname encodinganalog="651" source="lcnaf">Texas. State Preservation
					Board.</geogname>
			</controlaccess>
		</controlaccess>
		<prefercite encodinganalog="524">
			<head>Preferred Citation</head>
			<p>Texas Speakers Oral History Collection, 1992, 2004-2006, Dolph Briscoe Center for
				American History, The University of Texas at Austin.<extref actuate="onrequest"
				/></p>
		</prefercite>
		<relatedmaterial>
			<head>Related Material</head>
			<p>
				<extref show="new" actuate="onrequest"
					href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_resources.php">More
					information concerning the Texas House Speakers Oral History
				Project</extref></p>
			<p>
				<extref show="new" actuate="onrequest"
					href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_office.php">Bibliography of
					General Resources concerning Texas House Speakers</extref></p>
			<p><extref show="new" actuate="onrequest"
					href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_index.php">Index to Texas
					House Speakers Biographies and Resources</extref></p>
		</relatedmaterial>
		<dsc type="in-depth">
			<head>Detailed Description of the Papers</head>
			<c01 level="series" id="ser1">
				<did>
					<!--For c01 unititle, if inventory is basically a container list type Inventory, if it is a series, type the series title for each c01. Delete Folder Tags.-->
					<unittitle>Inventory </unittitle>
				</did>
				<c02>
					<did>
						<container type="box">2.325/E458a</container>
						<unittitle>Cassette Tapes: </unittitle>
					</did>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_senterfitt.php"
									show="new">Speaker Reuben Senterfitt</extref>, <unitdate>March 8
									2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(3 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_lindsey.php"
									>Speaker Jim T. Lindsey</extref>, <unitdate>April 16,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Dr. David Carr, Son of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_carr.php"
									>Speaker Waggoner Carr</extref>, <unitdate>August 7,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_turman.php"
									>Speaker James A. &quot;Jimmy&quot; Turman</extref>,
									<unitdate>March 23, 2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc> (5 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Mrs. Jan Tunnell, Wife of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_tunnell.php"
									>Speaker Byron Tunnell</extref>, <unitdate>March 14,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_barnes.php"
									>Lt. Gov. Ben Barnes</extref>, <unitdate> September 27, 2004
								</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_mutscher.php"
									>Speaker Gus F. Mutscher</extref>, <unitdate>November 9,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_price.php"
									>Speaker William Rayford Price</extref>, <unitdate>April 22,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Judge Bill Bass, Political Supporter of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_daniel.php"
									>Speaker Marion Price Daniel, Jr.</extref>, Jr., <unitdate>June
									4, 2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_clayton.php"
									>Speaker Bill Clayton</extref>, <unitdate>April 16, 2004
								</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_lewis.php"
									show="new">Speaker Gibson D. &quot;Gib&quot;</extref> and Debbie
								Mitchess <unitdate>Lewis, June 8, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_laney.php"
									>Speaker James E. &quot;Pete&quot; Laney</extref>,
									<unitdate>February 15, 2005 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_craddick.php"
									>Speaker Thomas Craddick</extref> and Mrs. Nadine Craddick,
									<unitdate> February 2, 2005 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Virginia Carter, sister of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_carr.php"
									>Speaker Waggoner Carr</extref>
								<unitdate>November 24, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><emph render="bold">[Transcript not yet available]</emph>
								John Moritz, <unitdate> March 15, 2006 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Sam Kinch, <unitdate>August 19, 2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(2 tapes)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><emph render="bold">[Transcript not yet available]</emph> Bo
								Byers, <unitdate>September 29, 2006 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><emph render="bold">[Transcript not yet available]</emph>
								Bill Hartman, friend of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_daniel.php"
									>Speaker Marion Price Daniel, Jr.</extref>,<unitdate>September
									2, 2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><emph render="bold">[Transcript not yet available]</emph>
								Nelda Laney, <unitdate>August 25, 2005 </unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><emph render="bold">[Transcript not yet available]</emph> Ali
								Turly and Doug Young, <unitdate>October 7, 2004
								</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc>(1 tape)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
				</c02>
				<c02>
					<did>
						<unittitle>Videocassettes:</unittitle>
					</did>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_senterfitt.php"
									show="new">Speaker Reuben Senterfitt</extref> Interview,
									<unitdate>1992</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
				</c02>
				<c02>
					<did>
						<container type="box">2.325/F76</container>
						<unittitle>Transcripts:</unittitle>
					</did>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Sam Kinch, <unitdate>August 19, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_senterfitt.php"
									show="new">Speaker Reuben Senterfitt</extref>, <unitdate>March
									8, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_lindsey.php"
									>Speaker Jim T. Lindsey</extref>, <unitdate>April 16,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Dr. David Carr, Son of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_carr.php"
									>Speaker Waggoner Carr</extref>, <unitdate>August 7,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_turman.php"
									>Speaker James A. &quot;Jimmy&quot; Turman</extref>,
									<unitdate>March 23, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Mrs. Jan Tunnell, Wife of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_tunnell.php"
									>Speaker Byron Tunnell</extref>, <unitdate>March 14,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>
								<extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_barnes.php"
									>Lt. Gov. Ben Barnes</extref>, <unitdate>September 27,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_mutscher.php"
									>Speaker Gus F. Mutscher</extref>, <unitdate>November 9, 2004
								</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_price.php"
									>Speaker William Rayford Price</extref>, <unitdate>April 22,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
							<physdesc> (3 copies)</physdesc>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Judge Bill Bass, Political Supporter of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_daniel.php"
									>Speaker Marion Price Daniel, Jr.</extref>, Jr., <unitdate>June
									4, 2004 </unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>
								<extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_clayton.php"
									>Speaker Bill Clayton</extref>, <unitdate>April 16,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref
									href="http://http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_lewis.php/projects/speakers_71_80.php#lewis_bib"
									show="new">Speaker Gibson D. &quot;Gib&quot;</extref> and Debbie
								Mitchess, <unitdate>June 8, 2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_laney.php"
									>Speaker James E. &quot;Pete&quot; Laney</extref>,
									<unitdate>February 15, 2005</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle><extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_craddick.php"
									>Speaker Thomas Craddick</extref> and Mrs. Nadine Craddick,
									<unitdate>February 2, 2005</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Virginia Carr Carter, Sister of <extref show="new"
									href="http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_carr.php"
									>Speaker Waggoner Carr</extref>, <unitdate>November 24,
									2004</unitdate></unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
				</c02>
				<c02>
					<did>
						<unittitle>Clippings and additional material:</unittitle>
					</did>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Newspaper Clippings</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Senterfitt Addition</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle> Turman Addition</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Lindsey Addition</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Carr Addition</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Calvert Addition</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Laney Clippings</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
					<c03>
						<did>
							<unittitle>Speaker apartment furniture</unittitle>
						</did>
					</c03>
				</c02>
				<c02>
					<did>
						<container type="box">3T83</container>
						<unittitle>Black and white photo-prints used in the book <emph
								render="italic">The House Will Come to Order</emph>, by Patrick Cox
							and Michael Phillips</unittitle>
					</did>
				</c02>
			</c01>
		</dsc>
	</archdesc>
</ead>
