Railroad Commission of Texas, Gas Services Division:

An Inventory of Gas Services Division Gas Utility Company Annual Financial Reports at the Texas State Archives, 1920-2001, 2004-2006

Agency History

The Railroad Commission of Texas regulates the exploration, production, and transportation of oil and natural gas in Texas. Its statutory role is to prevent waste of the state's natural resources, to protect the correlative rights of different interest owners, to prevent pollution, and to provide safety in matters such as hydrogen sulfide. It oversees hazardous materials pipelines and natural gas pipelines and distribution systems as well as propane, butane, compressed natural gas, and liquefied natural gas. It works to make sure a continuous, safe supply of natural gas is available to Texas consumers at the lowest reasonable price. Additionally, the Commission regulates surface mining for coal, uranium, and iron ore gravel, and conducts a program for reclaiming lands that were mined and abandoned before 1975.

The Railroad Commission of Texas had its origin in the demands of the shipping public in the late 1880s that insisted that railroads be subject to regulation based on public interest. An advocate for governmental regulation, Attorney General James Stephen Hogg ran for Governor in 1890 with the issue of railroad regulation as the focal point of the campaign. Hogg was elected Governor in the general election and the voters also approved an amendment to Article X, Section 2 of the Texas Constitution that empowered the Legislature to enact statutes creating regulatory agencies. These elections paved the way for the Legislature to enact on April 3, 1891 "An Act to Establish a Railroad Commission of the State of Texas," that later was placed in the Texas Revised Civil Statutes under article 6444 et seq. (House Bills 1, 3, and 58, 22nd Texas Legislature, Regular Session).

The Commission originally consisted of three members appointed by the Governor for three-year terms. Governor Hogg appointed the first three Commissioners in 1891 including John H. Reagan, who resigned as U.S. Senator from Texas to serve as the first Chairman. The Texas Constitution, Article XIX, Section 30 was amended in 1894 to provide for elective six-year overlapping terms for the Commissioners. That same year John H. Reagan was elected and served until his retirement in 1903.

The Texas Railroad Commission was the first regulatory agency created in the State of Texas and originally had jurisdiction over the rates and operations of railroads, terminals, wharves and express companies. The legal focus was on intrastate passenger and freight activities. Interstate jurisdiction fell under the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. For the first twenty-five years of its existence, the Railroad Commission was largely concerned with regulating railroads, setting rates, receiving complaints, and making investigations. As other controversies arose where the Legislature deemed that the public interest could best be served by regulation, additional duties were assigned to the Railroad Commission.

The Railroad Commission's authority was broadened beginning in 1917 with the passage of the Pipeline Petroleum Law (Senate Bill 68, 35th Legislature, Regular Sessio) that declared pipelines to be common carriers like railroads and placed them under the Commission's jurisdiction. This was the first act to designate the Railroad Commission as the agency to administer conservation laws relating to oil and gas. The Commission's regulatory and enforcement powers in oil and gas were increased by the Oil and Gas Conservation Law (Senate Bill 350 of the 36th Legislature, Regular Session), effective June 18, 1919. This act gave the Railroad Commission jurisdiction to regulate the production of oil and gas. Acting upon this legislation, the Commission adopted in 1919 the first statewide rules regulating the oil and gas industry to promote conservation and safety, including Rule 37. This rule requires minimum distances between wells at drilling sites in order to protect field pressure and correlative rights.

The Gas Utilities Act of 1920 (House Bill 11, 36th Legislature, 3rd Called Session) gave the Commission regulatory and rate authority over individuals and businesses producing, transporting, or distributing natural gas in Texas. In 1937, following a large natural gas explosion in a school in New London, Texas, the 45th Legislature passed legislation giving the Railroad Commission the authority to adopt rules and regulations pertaining to the odorization of natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases (House Bill 1017, Regular Session).

The passage of the Public Regulatory Act of 1975 (PURA) (House Bill 819, 64th Legislature, Regular Session) required certain state regulatory agencies, including the Commission, to set the overall revenues of a utility based on its "cost of service." Regulation of liquefied petroleum was added to the Commission's responsibilities in 1939 by the 46th Legislature (House Bill 792, Regular Session). The legislation authorized the Commission to adopt and enforce safety rules and standards in the storage, handling, transportation, and odorization of butane or LP-gases. Regulation of compressed natural gas was added to the Railroad Commission's responsibilities in 1983 (Senate Bill 617, 68th Legislature, Regular Session).

In 2005, the Rail Division and its remaining function, rail safety regulation, were transferred to the Texas Department of Transportation (House Bill 2702, 79th Legislature, Regular Session). The Railroad Commission no longer has any railroad-related functions.

Three divisions with the agency have regulatory functions: the Gas Services Division, the Oil and Gas Division, and the Surface Mining and Reclamation Division. The Office of the General Counsel's Enforcement Section has enforcement powers, the Safety Division is responsible for the safe transportation of products through pipelines, installation of LP-Gas (propane), and the reporting of damage to pipelines through third-party damage reporting, and the Alternative Fuels Research and Education Division has research and education functions. Support divisions include the Public Information Office, Personnel, Finance and Administration, Information Technology Services, Intergovernmental Affairs, and the Office of Internal Audit. Three elected Commissioners direct the operations of the agency.

The Gas Services Division works to ensure that a continuous safe supply of gas is available to Texas consumers at the lowest reasonable rates. The division establishes rates and services that are fair and reasonable for gas utilities and their customers; enforces those rates; maintains safety standards in the gas and hazardous liquids pipeline systems throughout the state by inspection and investigation of any hazards or accidents; oversees intrastate gathering and storage services; and adopts and maintains adequate safety rules and standards in the handling, transportation, and odorization of LP-gases (liquefied petroleum gases) for dealers, handlers, and consumers. It further regulates propane and compressed natural gas by requiring anyone working with these gases to pass a written qualifying exam administered by the Commission. The division also focuses on regulatory policy and analysis as well as identifying and eliminating natural gas transportation problems. There are four main sections in this division - Audit, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Pipeline Safety, and Regulatory and Analysis.

(Sources: Guide to Texas State Agencies, various editions; general laws and statutes; the Railroad Commission website, accessed on August 24, 2008; and the records themselves.)

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Scope and Contents of the Records

The Gas Services Division of the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) establishes rates and services for gas utilities and their customers and enforces those rates. These are annual financial reports of intrastate and interstate gas utilities companies that do business in Texas. Dates of the reports are 1920-2001, 2004-2006. The reports provide financial and organizational data on these companies, including names of officers and their affiliates, tax information, operating revenue, balance sheets; and some production data, including volumes of gas purchased, gas plant production, and miles of pipeline used. Gas utilities are required to file an annual report with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). For some, an additional report is required by the RRC. Utilities that do not engage in intrastate sales or intrastate transport of gas can file a copy of their annual report to the FERC with the RRC. Some companies doing interstate business will also file a copy of their FERC reports. The FERC reports are maintained with the other annual reports. The FERC reports are similar but are more detailed and include company operations in other states.

Most of the annual reports of gas utility companies are on microfilm and are stored offsite at the State and Local Records Management Division of the Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Duplicate copies of some annual reports for the years 1974-1979 and 1999-2001 are present on microfilm located in the Texas State Archives. Missing reports are noted at the end of each year's reel. Reports for 2004 thru 2006 are on paper and housed in the Archives.

Annual reports of gas utilities are filed as required under 16 TAC, §7.40. Section 7.40 states that each gas utility operating in Texas file a general annual report with the Railroad Commission to enable the Commission to properly regulate natural gas utilities within the state.

This finding aid describes one series of the Railroad Commission of Texas records. See Railroad Commission of Texas: An Overview of Records for more records series.

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Restrictions

Restrictions on Access

Most of the gas utility company annual reports are on master negative microfilm and stored off-site at the State Records Center. Master negative film is unique and fragile and requires that a duplicate use copy be made of any reel that a researcher wishes to view. A duplicate use copy will be made at the user's expense. Arrangements for duplication and prepayment need to be made with the State and Local Records Management Division.

Materials housed in the State Archives do not circulate, but may be used in the State Archives search room. Materials will be retrieved from and returned to storage areas by staff members.

Restrictions on Use

Most records created by Texas state agencies are not copyrighted and may be freely used in any way. State records also include materials received by, not created by, state agencies. Copyright remains with the creator. The researcher is responsible for complying with U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17 U.S.C.).

Technical Requirements

Microfilm readers are available in the Geneology and Reference reading rooms at the Texas State Library and Archives.

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Related Material

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Administrative Information

Preferred Citation

(Identify the item), Gas Services Division gas utility company annual financial reports, Railroad Commission of Texas. Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission.

Accession Information

Accession numbers: 1981/120, 1993/132, 1995/129, 1996/034, 1998/093, 2001/059, 2002/098, 2003/168, 2006/266, 2008/161

These records were transferred to the Archives and Information Services Division of the Texas State Library and Archives Commission by the Gas Services Division of the Railroad Commission on February 21, 1981; March 8, 1993; May 15 and December 18, 1995; April 3, 1998; November 15, 2000; January 31, 2002; June 19, 2003; March 12, 2006; and June 28, 2008.

Processing Information

Processed by Laura K. Saegert, 1981

Additional reports added by Paul B. Beck, March 1993

Additional reports added by Laura K. Saegert, March 1995

Additional reports added by Lisa M. Hendricks, June 1998

Corrections and further encoding to TARO project standards and additional reports added by Laura K. Saegert, October 2001

Additional reports added by Laura K. Saegert, February 2002

Finding aid converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by TARO using the conversion stylesheet v1to02.xsl, July 2003

Additional reports added and some reformatting to finding aid by Laura K. Saegert, December 2003

Additional reports added and DACS compliance by Laura K. Saegert, August 2008.

Appraisal Information

These records were appraised as archival by the appraisal staff of the Texas State Archives on March 16, 2001. This was one of a series of Railroad Commission records reviewed as part of an overall appraisal of the records of the Commission. The appraisal report can be found in the search room of the State Archives. The online version of the report for this series is available at http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/arc/appraisal/rrc2.html#128.

Accruals

Reports are transferred to the Archives on a regular basis, usually biennially.

Other Formats for the Records

Reports from 2004 through 2007 are available on the Railroad Commission website, searchable at - http://rrcsearch.neubus.com/esd-rrc/#results.

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Detailed Description of the Records