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new coal beds. The survey has taught many where and how to look for coal. In one instance, we found coal in the cretaceous. This coal is but a small seam in the banks of the South Gabriel, near Liberty Hill, in Williamson county. Limestones with cretaceous fossils are above and below the coal, which is only about two inches thick, of small extent, and overlaid by a thin strata of sandstone.

OTTER'S CLAYS.

These abound throughout the carboniferous and tertiary of the State. There are few, if any, counties in these regions in which good common wares cannot be. made.

PORCELAIN WARE

Can be made of good quality, and probably of the very best, from the feldspars of Llano county, of which there are veins two and three feet thick near the base of Packsaddle Mountain.

COPPER.

Texas has one of the richest copper regions of the world, covering a large portion of the carboniferous formation, in the northern part of the State, especially abounding in the upper carboniferous. Associated with the copper, I found in several places, the present season, strata unmistakably carboniferous, as indicated by their fossils. Examples of this occur in Clay, Young, Throckmorton, and Haskell counties. In Throckmorton county, on the Graham road to Fort Griffin, about two miles before its junction with the Fort Belknap road, near the base of a hill, is a strata of copper ore about one foot thick. In the rocks above and below this are carboniferous shells, many of which belong to the same species as those before named, as being found in the bills near Graham, in Young county. During a hasty trip into Young, Archer and Clay counties, in. 1861, from the appearance of the hills and rocks of Archer county, and their resemblance to descriptions of the permian, of Germany, I was led to believe that Archer and other portions of the copper regions also belonged to the permian, and I thus stated in the Texas Almanac of 1868. Now, I think they belong to the upper carboniferous, because thus far no permian fossils have been found in that