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of New York for the year ending the first of June 1860, was 22,304,443 dollars. This is at least one third greater than the value of the entire cotton crop of Texas for the same year. Texas has actually, in a state of nature, greater and bettor resources in iron and the materials needed in its manufacture than the State of New York. Money is money, whether made in the manufacture of iron, or. the raising of cotton. Let Texas do both, and also develop her other resources, and she will soon become the empire State. Every State at the North has had a Geological Survey, or has one now in progress, and every one at the South, with the exception of Louisiana and Florida ; yet there is not one State east of the Mississippi river which gives promise of such vast mineral and agricultural resources as Texas ; nor is there one which has derived or can derive, so much benefit from a Geological and Agricultural Survey, properly made, as this State. If we turn to Europe we find that Geological Surveys have been made, or are in progress, in all its countries. England has had one in operation during the last twenty five years; and under her direction a Geological Survey of Canada began many years ago, and is stir incompleted. The miner must have the, assistance of the Geologist and Chemist to determine the value of his ores. California is no exception to the rule. Before large quantities of gold were found them the Geologist of the United States Exploring Expedition noticed the gold bearing rocks of that State. Its Geological Survey was commenced several years ago when the washing of its sands had, in many places, ceased to be productive, since which a new impetus has been given to the obtaining of its gold by the working of quartz veins from whence most of the gold from that State is now derived. None of the mining companies in the rich mining States among the Rocky Mountains venture to begin work before suitable geological examinations are made. Hence mining, as it is now generally conducted on scientific principles, is much more reliable than it was a few years ago. This result has been brought about by the enormous sums which have been spent by companies, and individuals in fruitless mining operations.

The survey, if properly conducted, will make known the agricultural capacity and adaptation of the soil for particular crops, and disseminate information with regard to the best modes of cultivating the different grains, grasses, cotton, sugar, tobacco, fruits, etc.; for Texas is so extensive that she has a climate and soil suited to a more varied agriculture than any other State east of the Rocky Mountains. Within the last thirty years the great progress and general diffusion of agricultural chemistry in