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  • Lophotocarpus spp.; marshes and in shallow water along the coast and inland.
  • Arrow-head (Sagittaria spp.); widespread in mud or in shallow or deep clear water; fruiting entirely submerged in the lake at San Marcos.
  • Grass Family: GRAMINEAE. Grasses: for a detailed treatment of the species of grasses found in Texas, the reader is referred to Texas Grasses by W. A. Silveus, published by the author at San Antonio, 1933; and to A Manual of Grasses of the U. S. by A. S. Hitchcock, published by the U.S.D.A. 1935 and obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Some of the most important groups are suggested in the following list and are mentioned in connection with the flora characteristic of the several regions appearing on the accompanying map (Plate I.).
    • Brome grasses (Bromus spp.); especially B. unioloides, furnish green winter forage of some value in eastern and central Texas (Regions 3, 7, 16, 18).
    • Blue Grasses (Poa spp.) are of little grazing importance. P. annua is a winter annual of some slight value, but is little more than a weed.
    • Blue-stem (Andropogon spp.) are widely distributed. Particularly is this true of A. scoparius and A. saccharoides. While many of the 23 or 24 species and varieties which occur have definite palatability and nutritive value, none can withstand intensive grazing. Nearly all virtually disappear within a few years from heavily grazed pastures.
    • Triple-awn Grasses (Aristida spp.) are unpalatable and lacking in nutritive value. They are coarse, wiry, weedy grasses that flourish on poor soil and in worn-out fields. Their unattractiveness to stock enables them in many instances to become dominant in over-grazed pastures all over the state.
    • Georgia cane (Arundo donax) grows abundantly in marshes near the mouths of rivers along the coast, and is also of some value in stopping erosion when planted along washes in fields (18). It has little if any forage value.
    • Fishing-pole Cane (Arundinaria spp.) occurs in the river bottoms of eastern Texas (1, 16, 17). It has considerable value as winter browse when it occurs in dense stand.
    • Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) is an exceedingly valuable pasture grass in 1, 2, and 17. It is palatable and nutritious, and withstands grazing superbly. Near the coast it is practically evergreen.
    • Grama-grasses (Bouteloua spp.) are represented by a dozen species of which more than half are valuable range grasses. Except in regions 1, 5, 14, 15, 16, 17 they are of sufficient abundance to be of great importance particularly from 2, 3, and 18 northward. Collectively they rank equally with Buffalo grass in grazing importance within the state as a whole.
    • Buffalo Grass (Bulbilis dactyloides) shares first rank with the Grama grasses in grazing value. It ranges from 3 and 18 northwestward to   
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