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Table of Contents

  1. Physical geography of the Texas region
    1. Topographic Atlas of the United States Physical Geography of the Texas Region

    2. Contents of Descriptive Text

    3. Physical Geography of the Texas Region.

    4. Introduction.

    5. Greater Texas Region.

    6. The State of Texas.

    7. Area and Relations.

    8. Subdivisions of the State.

    9. Artificial Subdivisions.

    10. Natural Subdivisions.

    11. The Relief.

    12. Relation of Relief to Formation.

    13. Influence of Texture and Structure on Relief.

    14. Kinds of Relief-Makin Rocks.

    15. Marine Sedimentary Rocks

    16. Sedimentary Rocks of Other than Marine Formation.

    17. Relief Features of the Igneous Rocks.

    18. The Mountains.

    19. Ouachita System.

    20. Mountains of the Trans-Pecos Province.

    21. General Features.

    22. The Front Ranges.

    23. Interior Ranges.

    24. The Plains.

    25. Constructional Plains.

    26. Destructional Plains.

    27. Plains of the Coastward Slope.

    28. The Great Plains.

    29. Llano Estacado.

    30. Breaks of the Plains.

    31. Stockton Plateau.

    32. Outliers of the Great Plains.

    33. Valleys of the Great Plains.

    34. Prairie Plains.

    35. Plains of the East-Central Province.

    36. Plains of the Central Province.

    37. Coast Plains.

    38. Plains of the Trans-Pecos Province.

    39. Plateau Plains.

    40. Las Vegas Plateau.

    41. Bolson Plains.

    42. Bolsons of the East-Front Belt.

    43. Bolsons of the Interior Ranges.

    44. The Drainage.

    45. Types of Streams.

    46. Direction of Flow.

    47. Classification of the Drainage.

    48. Rivers of the Cordilleras.

    49. Rivers of the Plains

    50. Rivers of the Central Province.

    51. Rivers of the East-Central Province.

    52. Rivers of the Edwards Plateau.

    53. Rivers of the Southern and Eastern Provinces.

    54. Resume of the Drainage System.

    55. Climatic Features.

    56. Types of Rainfall.

    57. Temperature.

    58. Vegetation.

    59. Economic Features.

    60. Soils.

    61. Mineral Resources.

    62. Distribution of Population

    63. Sheet I Special Illustrations

    64. Sheet II Special Illustrations

    65. Sheet III Special Illustrations

    66. Sheet IV Special Illustrations

    67. Sheet V Special Illustrations

    68. Sheet VI Types of Mountains

    69. Sheet VII Types of Plains and Scarps

    70. Sheet VIII Types of Plains and Scarps

    71. Sheet IX Types of Plains and Scarps

    72. Sheet X Types of Rivers and Canyons

  2. Illustrations
    1. Fig. I.—Provinces and minor subdivisions of the Greater Texas region

    2. Fig. 2.—Section showing the geology of the Texas region.

    3. Fig. 3.—Granite ridges of the Wichita Range.

    4. Fig. 4.—Gruadalupe Peak, El Paso County, Texas. (After Bartlett.)

    5. Fig. s.—View in Lampasas County, Texas, showing a cut plain.

    6. Fig. 6.—The Breaks of the Plains.

    7. Fig. 7.—Valley of the Rio Grande, El Paso, Texas, showing passage of the river from the Mesilla Bolson to the Hueeo Bolson, across the south end of the Franklin Range and terraced mesas of the dissected bolsons.

    8. Fig. B.—Relative areas of humid and arid lands of Texas.

    9. Untitled

    10. Untitled

    11. Untitled

    12. Untitled

    13. Untitled

    14. Untitled

    15. Untitled

    16. Untitled

    17. Fig. 20.-DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE, BY GEOGRAPHIC PROVINCES.

    18. Untitled

    19. Untitled

    20. Fig. 23.-CANYON OF THE RIO FRIO, EDWARDS PLATEAU Fig. 22.-VOLCANIC NECK, RIO GRANDE PLAIN

    21. Fig. 24.-OUTLIER OF THE DIABLO PLATEAU NORTH OF ALAMORE, TEXAS.

    22. Fig. 25.-SIERRA BLANCA, TEXAS; AN ISOLATED MOUNTAIN OF QUARTZ-PORPHYRY OF THE FORM CALLED A SANDIA.

    23. Untitled

    24. Fig. 27.-NORTH PEAK OF CHISOS MOUNTAINS, BREWSTER COUNTY TEXAS

    25. Fig. 28.-QUITMAN MOUNTAINS AND DESERT BASIN SOUTHWEST OF SIERRA BLANCA, TEXAS

    26. Fig. 30.-HILLCOAT CAVE, EDWARDS COUNTY, TEXAS.

    27. Fig. 29.-SUMMIT OF THE LLANO ESTACADO.

    28. Fig. 31.-CANYON WITHIN CANYON, BULL CREEK, TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS. Fig. 32.-NINEPOINT CUESTA, BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS.

    29. Untitled

    30. Fig. 33.-SIGNAL BUTTE, A REMNANTAL SUMMIT OF THE CALLAHAN DIVIDE, HOWARD COUNTY, TEXAS.

    31. Fig. 34.-A RED BEDS PRAIRIE, CENTRAL PROVINCE; SPURS OF WICHITA MOUNTAINS IN THE BACKGROUND.

    32. Fig. 35.-SIERRA DIABLO, A PLATEAU MOUNTAIN NORTH OF VAN HORN, TEXAS. Fig. 36.-MOUTH OF PECOS RIVER, RIO GRANDE CANYON.

    33. Untitled

    34. FIG. 37.-BARTON CREEK, TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS; A STREAM ORIGINATING FROM SPRING RISING THROUGH A ROCK FISSURE. Fig. 38.-VALLEY OF COLORADO RIVER, LOOKING WEST FROM MOUNT BONNEL, SHOWING EROSION PLAIN ON LEFT AND ALLUVIAL TERRACE ON RIGHT.

    35. Untitled

    36. Fig. 39.-A VIEW OF THE BURNET COUNTRY

    37. FIG. 40.-PECOS RIVER CANYON; SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD BRIDGE

    38. Fig. 41 .-BLUFF OF COLORADO RIVER, MOUNT BONNEL, NEAR AUSTIN, TEXAS.

    39. Fig. 42.-CANADIAN RIVER, CENTRAL PROVINCE, OKLAHOMA.

    40. Untitled

    41. Untitled

    42. Untitled

    43. Untitled

    44. Untitled

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D.WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

Topographic Atlas of the United States Physical Geography of the Texas Region

BY

ROBERT T. HILL

CONTENTS DESCRIPTIVE TEXT pages 1-12 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TOPOGRAPHIC FORMS sheets i-v MAPS SHOWING TYPES OF MOUNTAINS sheet vi MAPS SHOWING TYPES OF PLAINS AND SCARPS sheets vn-ix MAPS SHOWING TYPES OF RIVERS AND CANYONS sheet x MAP OF TEXAS AND PARTS OF ADJOINING TERRITORIES . sheet xi

FOLIO 3

PHYS. GEOG. TEXAS

WASHINGTON, D. C. ENGRAVED AND PRINTED BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY S.J.KUBEL. CHIEF ENGRAVER 1900