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  1. Reconnaissance in the Rio Grande coal fields of Texas; including a report on igneous rocks from the San Carlos coal fields
    1. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey No. 164. OK THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 164

    2. Reconnaissance in the Rio Grande Coal Fields of Texas

    3. Contents.

    4. Illustrations.

    5. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

    6. Reconnaissance in the Rio Grande Coal Fields of Texas.

    7. Introduction.

    8. I. Eagle Pass and the Eocene Coal Fields of the Middle Rio Grande Region of Texas.

    9. Definition of the Area.

    10. General Physical Features.

    11. Descriptive Geology.

    12. Cretaceous.

    13. Rio Grande Section.

    14. Lower Cretaceous (Comanche Series).

    15. Edwards Limeston.

    16. Fort Worth Limestone.

    17. Del Rio Clays.

    18. Fossils from 20 miles west of Brackett.

    19. Fossils from old ocher mine on bluffs miles north of east of Del Rio court-house.

    20. Buda Limestone.

    21. Upper Cretaceous.

    22. Dakota Division.

    23. Eagle Ford Formation.

    24. Austin Chalk.

    25. Upson Clays.

    26. Section 2 1-2 miles above Upson post-office.

    27. Eagle Pass Formation.

    28. San Miguel beds.

    29. Coal series.

    30. Escondido beds.

    31. RSstumi of characters and thickness of tne Eagle Pass formation.

    32. Reconnaissance from Cline, Uvalde County, to Eagle Pass.

    33. Reconnaissance from Eagle Pass to Carrizo Springs.

    34. Studies along Turkey Creek and the Nueces River, the Frio and Sabinal rivers, Brackett and Uvalde Quadrangles.

    35. Anacacho Formation.

    36. Eagle Pass Formation in Brackett and Uvalde Quadrangles.

    37. Variations in Character of the Formations in the Different Sections.

    38. Anacacho Formation and Uption Clays.

    39. Eagle Pass Formation.

    40. Relation of the Cretaceous to the Eocene.

    41. Rio Grande section.

    42. Between Eagle Pass and Carrizo Springs.

    43. Along the Nueces River.

    44. Along the Frio River.—

    45. Tertiary.

    46. Eocene.

    47. Rio Grande Section.

    48. Reconnaissance between Eagle Pass and Carrizo Springs and Southwest of Carrizo Springs. RIZO SPRINGS.

    49. Reconnaissance from Carrizo Springs to San Lorenzo Creek.

    50. Nueces River Section.

    51. Reconnaissance from Uvalde to Carrizo Springs and from Carrizo Springs to Santo Tomas.

    52. Frio River Section.

    53. Conclusions regarding the Eocene.

    54. Neocene and Pleistocene.

    55. Neocene.

    56. Pleistocene.

    57. Economic Geology.

    58. Eagle Pass Coal Field.

    59. Extent.

    60. Mines.

    61. Character of Coal.

    62. EOCENE COAL FIELDS.

    63. Extent of the Eocene Coal Fields, Including the Santo Tomas Field.

    64. Mines.

    65. Character of Coal.

    66. Conclusions Regarding the Rio Grande Eocene Coals.

    67. Literature.

    68. II. The San Carlos Coal Field of Trans-Pecos Texas and Adjacent Portions of the Vieja Mountains.

    69. Introductory Note.

    70. Geographicl Position of Localities Studied.

    71. Literature.

    72. Topography and Structure.

    73. Sections Studied and Notes Thereon.

    74. Peak Near Chispa.

    75. Sections in the vicinity of San Carlos.

    76. Section of the Vieja Mountains from the San Carlos arroyo, 1 mile below San Carlos, to the top of the mountain east of the town.

    77. Fossils from section of Vieja Mountains from San Carlos arroyo, 1 mile below San Carlos, to top of mountain east of town.

    78. Fossils from No. 3 (field No. 298).

    79. Fossils from No. 2 (field No. 297).

    80. Detailed section through coal seams at tunnel of mine No. 4 of San Carlos Coal Company, on vjest slope of the Vieja Mountains, about 2 miles east of San Carlos.

    81. Section in arroyo northeast of shaft of San Carlos Coal Company, 2 miles east of south of San Carlos.

    82. Fossils from No. 3 {field No. 299).

    83. Overturned Fold North of Shaft of San Carlos Coal Company.

    84. Fossils from fault north of shaft of San Carlos Coal Company {field No. 300).

    85. Sands and Clays.

    86. San Carlos and Arroyo Above.

    87. Section of Gettysburg Peak, 1 mile north of San Carlos.

    88. Resume of San Carlos section.

    89. Age of Fossils Below the Coal.

    90. Bracks Canyon.

    91. Correlation of the Chispa and San Carlos Sections.

    92. Time of the Volcanic outbursts.

    93. Dikes.

    94. Below the San Carlos Formation.

    95. Fossils from No. 4 (field No. 303)

    96. Fossil from No. 2 (field No. 303 a).

    97. Fossils from No. 1 (field No. 303b).

    98. Extent of San Carlos and Other Trans-Pecos Texas Coal Fields and Condition of Mining. TEXAS COAL FIELDS, AND CONDITION OF MINING.

    99. Character of San Carlos Coal.

    100. Report on Igneous Rocks from the Vicinity of San Carlos and Chispa, Texas.

    101. Rhyolite Breccia.

    102. Quartz-Pantellerite.

    103. Basalt.

    104. Index.

  2. Illustrations
    1. Untitled

    2. Untitled

    3. S\S c;( OCHUPAhERi map I SHOWING LOCALITIES WHERE \ COAL IS FOUND V^ IN THE IT | MIDDLE LOWER RIO GRANDE REGION/

    4. Fig. 1.—Map showing the general position of the Rio Grande coal fields.

    5. Fig. '2.—Section of hill on east side of Elm Creek, 1 mile above the bridge at the crossing of the ' Del Rio and Eagle Pass road.

    6. Fig. 3.—Section of Eagle Pass artesian well.

    7. THE RIO GRANDE, FROM MEXICAN SIDE OF THE RIVER, OPPOSITE EAGLE PASS

    8. Fig. 4.—Section of the Anacacho Mountains, Kin. ney County.

    9. A. CRETACEOUS-EOCENE CONTACT ON THE FRIO RIVER, 2 MILES BELOWENGELMANN'S RANCH SOUTHERN UVALDE COUNTY. The sandstone floor at the base of the bluff is Cretaceous ; the middle and upper portions of the bluff aie Eocene.

    10. B BASAL EOCENE: PORTION OF SAME BLUFF, BUT FARTHER DOWNSTREAM

    11. A. LOWER EOCENE SANDSTONE, MYRICKS APIARY, FRIO RIVER, SOUTHERN UVALDE COUNTY.

    12. JR. ARTESIAN WELL, DINMAN'S, NEAR CARRIZO SPRINGS

    13. Section of bluff next lower down on the west side of the Frio River. Fig. s.—Weathering of the Carrizo sandstone at Chupadero ranch.

    14. Fig. 6.—Sandstone and clays above coal horizon (Santo Tomas seam) at Santo Tomas.

    15. BLUFF ON RIO GRANDE AT EAGLE PASS, SHOWING THE UPPER PLAIN (UVALDE FORMATION LEVEL) AND THE WIDE SILT TERRACE iCOLUMBIA FORMATION LEVEL).

    16. Fig. 7.—Section of bluffs and terraces at Palafox.

    17. Untitled

    18. Fig. 9.—Sketch map showing coal mines and prospects near Eagle Pass; furnished by Louis Dolch.

    19. Untitled

    20. Untitled

    21. VIEW OF VIEJA MOUNTAINS, LOOKING SOUTH FROM CHISPA.

    22. VIEW OF VIEJA MOUNTAINS, LOOKING EAST FROM SAN CARLOS.

    23. VIEW OF GETTYSBURG PEAK FROM SAN CARLOS.

    24. ENTRANCE TO BRACKS CANYON, EASTERN END, SAN CARLOS.

    25. COLUMNAR SECTIONS IN THE VICINITY OF CHISPA AND SAN CARLOS. Fig. 1, Section of peak 6 miles west of south from Chisoa. Scale, 32 feet to 1 inch. (See p. 76.) Fig. 2. Section of Vieja Mountains in vicinity of San Carios. Scale, 32 feet to 1 inch. (See p. 77.) Fig. 2rt. Section through coal seam at Tunnel Mine No. 4. Scale, 53 feet to 1 inch. (See p. 79.) Fig. 26. Section through coal seam 2 miles east of south from San Carlos. Scale, 53 feet to 1 inch. (See p. 80.) Fig. 2c. Section of Gettysburg Peak. Scale, 32 feet to 1 inch. (Seep. 81.) Fig. 3. Section of beds below the San Carlos formation, as exposed on the south sfde of Chispa Summit. (See p. 84.)

17

VAUGHAN.]

LOWER CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS.

Scaphites ? sp., several small distorted specimens that may be Olcostephanus

or some other ammonoid genus. Turrilites brazoensis Roemer.

Nautilus texanus Shumard.

Del Rio Clays.

The top of the breaks of the Rio Grande to the northeast, east, and southeast of Del Rio is formed of the Buda limestone, to be dis cussed later. The slope is composed of the Del Rio clays. Within ,the breaks near Del Rio, to the southeast, is a conical-shaped butte, called Lone Hill, also composed of these clays, and they are exposed 20 miles west of Brackett, on the road to Del Rio, where they are over lain by the Buda limestone.

The following is a section exposed at the old 6cher mine 2 miles north of east of the Del Rio court-house:

Section <it ocher mine 2 miles north of east of Del Rio court-house.

In the lowest stratum are thin, sandy flags containing Equisetum?

and Nodosaria texana. Exogyra arietina is very abundant throughout the section. No. 4 is the bed from which the red ocher has been

mined. This ocher is usually a vermilion-colored clay.

The section above described illustrates the lithologic characters of

the beds. At the base, along the contact with the Fort Worth lime stone, there is a white calcareous clay. Above this bed the clays are usuall} T greenish before weathering. When subjected to atmospheric action they become yellowish. Beds of red clay occur near the top. Frequently the Exogyra arietina is cemented into slabs by a sandy ferruginous matrix. The thickness, as determined by the aneroid

barometer, is 100 feet.

Although fossils arc numerous in these clays, there are but few

species. The following are the species collected and the localities

n hence 1 they were obtained:

Fossils from 20 miles west of Brackett.

Nodosaria texana Conrad. Pecten, a small undescribed species.

Fossils from old ocher mine on bluffs miles north of east of Del Rio court-house.

Nodosaria texana Conrad. Exogyra arietina Roemer. Plicatula incongrua Conrad. Neithea sp., fragments. Esquisetum?

Bull. 104 -2

7. Buda limestone capping. Feet. 6. Slope to the edge of the bluff covered with Exogyra arielina, a few feet. 5. Yellowish clay 15

4. Red clay 5 3. Thin indurated sandy layer $ 2. Red clay 10 1. (Jreenish clays 30